Fresh Man Laws

Filing bankruptcy is not a decision to be made lightly, as it is likely to affect your ability to obtain a mortgage, a car loan, or a new unsecured credit card for quite some time into the future. In this day and age, your credit report will very likely be pulled when applying for a new job, an apartment lease, and car insurance.

The process of filing bankruptcy should not be an exciting process that you look forward to, but instead should be viewed as your last resort option. It may indeed be your best and perhaps only option, but it should only be considered when you have exhausted all other options after a thorough investigation into what other options are possible and available to you.

While bankruptcy may alleviate much of the financial stress you may be feeling due to your mountain of bills, which seems to get higher every day, it may not be the total answer for you. Yes, bankruptcy will stop the creditor harassment calls since after you have filed, your creditors are no longer allowed to call you or hound you, and that will almost certainly provide a certain amount of relief. Having your bills under control will also provide a great amount of relief, but to what end? You still have the long road back to getting your finances under control.

Many institutions understand the fact that the majority of people who are filing bankruptcy these days are not doing so because of their own financial mismanagement or trying to live a champagne lifestyle on a beer budget. They understand that most of the consumers who file do so due to unexpected circumstances that they have no control over, such as high medical bills, a job layoff, a messy divorce, or similar things. So they may cut you a bit of slack if you are trying to get a loan, a credit card, finance a car, or whatever when they see that you have filed for bankruptcy in recent years. But that still tells them that you are a higher risk and they will therefore set repayment plans and interest rates accordingly because you naturally now fall into a higher risk category for the funds or credit they are going to give you.

But even so, if you decide that bankruptcy is your best option, make sure you know what you are doing. With the recent sweeping changes of the bankruptcy laws, this is no longer a do-it-yourself process as it used to be in years past. In fact, you must be approved to file by the judge, and there is no guarantee that just because you want to file that you will be allowed to do so.

You also need to decide and be approved for the chapter of bankruptcy that you want to file. With Chapter 7, most debts are able to be discharged. Note the word “most”, since there are some types of debts that cannot be discharged by bankruptcy. But you may only be approved to file Chapter 13 which is like a “reorganization”. This means that your debts are reorganized, not wiped out or discharged, to make it affordable for you to repay them. But the key point here is that with Chapter 13, the debts are not wiped out, you still have them and need to repay them.

The best advice that can be given is to encourage you to get together with a qualified bankruptcy lawyer who understands the laws of your state and can help you understand what your options are and how the paperwork needs to be completed in what steps if you decide to move forward. Most people filing bankruptcy have found that they save themselves an order of magnitude more time, money, and assets by using a qualified attorney than what they pay out in legal fees. This is not the time for you to make yet another mistake, so consider your options carefully.

To find a Pre-Screened Lawyer in your area, please call our 24Hr Unbiased Lawyer Referral Hotline at 661-310-7999.

As a practical matter, the fees lawyers charge tend to vary greatly. It is hoped that the following will help the potential client make at least some sense of attorney fees and how they are set.

NEVER HIRE AN ATTORNEY WITHOUT A WRITTEN FEE CONTRACT You might be surprised how many criminal defense lawyers do not provide written fee contracts. This is extremely dangerous and leads to potential problems. Often times an attorney who chooses not provide a fee agreement will tell the potential client that he will “start” the case at a very low price. Nevertheless, at every stage of the case, the attorney requires more money and threatens to withdraw from the case if he is not paid the additional sums. The result is that you can wind up paying much more than had you hired the attorney who seemed more expensive to begin with. A fee contract avoids these nasty surprises. Besides, why would any attorney not provide a written fee agreement that makes the obligations of both the attorney and the client clear?

AVOID HIRING AN ATTORNEY THAT WILL ALSO POST YOUR BOND While Texas does not prohibit an attorney from posting a client’s bond, many states do because of the conflict of interest that exists. The role of a bondsman is to make sure you appear in court and a bondsman has every incentive to inform the court if you are not complying with the conditions of your release. On the other hand, your attorney is supposed to be your advocate and protect you from having your bond revoked in the event you do not fully comply with your release conditions. We have also seen cases where, when a client gets behind on his legal fees, the attorney posting a client’s bond threatens, and sometimes does, have the client’s bond revoked as additional pressure to pay the outstanding legal fees. It should be easy to see why hiring an attorney to post your bond is rife with conflicts and should be avoided. You should hire an independent bondsman and an independent attorney.

BEWARE OF LAWYERS WITH A VOLUME PRACTICE There are many lawyers out there that have a “volume” practice who offer to do cases at cut rate prices (often these cut rate prices are to “start” the case and the attorney does not provide a fee contract). Many times, the income of these lawyers is actually substantially higher than other more qualified lawyers. Here is why. Let’s assume you think about hiring Attorney Smith. You found Attorney Smith in the yellow pages where he has a full page advertisement promoting low fees or Lawyer Smith has sent you, and thousand of other who had been arrested on a particular night a letter promoting his low fees. A yellow pages ad might cost Lawyer Smith $50,000 and he might spend thousands of dollars per month on mail outs. Because Attorney Smith gets so many calls from his ads and mail outs, he has to hire additional support staff to answer the phones and “screen clients” so that is more money toward overhead. Nevertheless, Attorney Smith is able to charge low fees because he has so many clients who respond to his ads and/or mail outs that he can make up for it and pay his overhead by running a volume practice. Often you will meet Attorney Smith for the first time in the courthouse when he shouts your name in the hallway. You will rarely, if ever, be able to get Attorney Smith on the phone to answer questions. If you resist pleading guilty and request a trial, many problems will arise. After all, how can Attorney Smith spend time preparing for trial and then sitting in a trial for several days? Simply put, he can’t because the house of cards he has created with the volume practice will collapse if he cannot meet the dozens of other clients who have cases set on the same day. Nevertheless, don’t feel sorry for Attorney Smith because he will often make much more money than the average attorney even after accounting for his high overhead. As a rough example, let’s say Attorney Smith charges $2,000 per case but handles 500 cases per year. That amounts to a gross income of $1,000,000. Now, lets say another attorney who actually returns your phone calls and has time to prepare your case and represent you at trial if that is in your best interest charges $5,000 per case but handles 50 cases per year. That only amounts to a gross income of $250,000. In sum, if you have a simple case in which you know there are no legal issues to raise and you absolutely know that you do not want a trial and you are not going to want to ask your attorney many questions, it could make financial sense to hire Attorney Smith. On the other hand, if there is any chance that you want to fight your case or you think you will have questions for your lawyer, spend the extra money now or you will have to spend even more later trying to undue what Attorney Smith did, or failed to do, for you.

BEWARE OF LAWYERS SIZING YOU UP Unfortunately, we have heard of many lawyers who attempt to determine how much money potential clients have and then charges them “as much money as they can afford.” We often see this with some California attorneys who advertise “national practices” on the internet. While it is admirable for an attorney to reduce her rate for a client with a low income, it is disgraceful for a lawyer to charge a wealthy client more than she would ordinarily charge because the client can “afford it.” Beware of lawyers who seem to be asking questions that are designed to determine your income or assets that have no relation to the charges against you.

LEGAL FEES IN STATE COURT WILL DEPEND ON THE TYPE OF CASE This is probably obvious. In state court, fees will almost always depend on the seriousness and complexity of the case.

LEGAL FEES IN FEDERAL COURT WILL BE SIGNIFICANTLY HIGHER As discussed on our website Broden & Mickelsen FAQs, there is a huge difference between state court and federal court. Almost all criminal defense lawyers are qualified to practice in state court. Nevertheless, very few criminal defense lawyers practice regularly in federal court. It is extremely dangerous to hire an attorney to represent you in a federal criminal case that does not appear regularly in federal court. Nevertheless, this means that there are very few lawyers to choose from if you are charged with a criminal offense in federal court. For example, in Dallas, there are probably less than 30 lawyers who appear regularly in federal court. Consequently, because of the limited supply, legal fees for criminal cases in federal court are often significantly higher than state court.

LEGAL FEES WILL VARY BASED ON THE LAWYER’S QUALIFICATIONS Again, this should seem obvious, although it is sometimes surprising what lawyers with minimal qualifications will attempt to charge a client. Some qualifications to look for is whether a lawyer is Board Certified by the Texas Board of Legal Specialization in criminal defense attorney. Texas Board of Legal Specialization Another is whether that lawyer is AV rated (the highest rating) by Martindale-Hubbell, an independent entity that rates lawyers. Martindale-Hubbell Another is whether the lawyer has been voted a “super lawyer” by other criminal defense attorneys and how many years he or she has been voted a “super lawyer.” Super Lawyers

FLAT FEE OR HOURLY FEE Generally criminal defense lawyers in Texas charge a “flat fee” for their representation (although they often charge a “split” fee as described below). An attorney should give you the option of paying an hourly fee, nevertheless, an hourly fee is generally more suitable for corporations that have very deep pockets. Individuals generally prefer the “flat fee” so they know in advance how much the legal representation will cost a the end of the day.

SPLIT FEE FOR PLEAS AND TRIALS Mostly all criminal defense lawyers in Texas will split the flat fee between plea and trial. For example. they might say that the fee for a plea is $5,000 but if the case has to be “set for trial there will be an additional fee of $5,000. At Broden & Mickelsen, experience has taught us to shy away from this type of fee arrangement. Although we will occasionally propose this arrangement where it seems very unlikely the case will proceed to trial, we believe such an arrangement interferes with effective representation because clients often times make decisions about how to defend their case based on financial concerns rather than legal concerns. Moreover, we have found that, in a large majority of cases, a plea offer will get appreciably better only after the case is “set” for trial. Therefore, even in cases that will not ultimately go to trial, it is often in the client’s best interest to at least “set” the case for trial. We would rather charge a fee in the middle (e.g. $7,500) and this way our advice to the client is not colored by the prospect of earning additional monies based on the advice we give and the client can make the decision as to whether or not to go to trial freed from the prospect of having to pay additional monies if he decides a trial is in his best interests.

CONTINGENT BONUSES We have encountered attorneys who attempt to charge a “performance bonus” if they can convince authorities not to indict the client, or if they win at trial, or if they get a case dismissed prior to trial. The Texas Lawyer Disciplinary Rules clearly prohibit such “bonuses” because they are “contingent” on a certain outcome. Texas Disciplinary Rules on Fees You would do well to avoid any attorney who does not follow the ethical rules of his or her profession.

EXPENSES In many cases, it will be necessary to hire a private investigator to investigate the case. In some case, it will be necessary to hire experts to assist the attorney or to testify at trial. It varies among attorneys as to whether these expenses are included in the legal fees charged. Again, however, it is important to have a written fee agreement so that it is clear who is responsible for these additional expenses.

OTHER ISSUES Many criminal defense firms, including Broden & Mickelsen, accept credit cards. Many criminal defense firms will not require the entire fee to be paid up front. For example, Broden & Mickelsen will generally require payment of half the fee up front and will make payment arrangement for the other half.

Much has been made of the 2% base rate included in the guidelines for the Obama Administration’s “Making Home Affordable” plan. It’s been well documented that the plan is off to a very slow start with current estimates of approximately 50,000 loan modifications in process. Less talked about, at least so far, is that the 2% headline interest rate of the plan may be unavailable to most homeowners seeking loan modifications that follow the plan’s guidelines.

As the saying goes, “The devil is always in the details” and Making Home Affordable has a detail which goes by the name of the “Net Present Value” test. Many of the mortgages which were originated during the boom in real estate, including those considered to be toxic, were sold to investors on Wall Street, from pension funds, and insurance companies (like AIG). These investors didn’t have the infrastructure or experience to collect payments, prepare statements, etc. so they left the handling of those matters to loan servicers like Saxon Mortgage (now a part of JP Morgan Chase). These servicers interface with the homeowner on all matters, including home loan modifications. For that work, they receive a small percentage off of each of the homeowner’s monthly mortgage checks as their fee.

An unintended consequence of the meltdown in real estate prices and skyrocketing default rates is there is now a conflict of interest between servicers and the investors that employ them. The foundation of that conflict is this; with monthly mortgage payments functioning as the lifeline of the servicers, their priority is to keep those payments going. To that end, granting loan modifications, even with drastic cuts in interest rates, is a much better outcome for the servicer than not receiving payments at all and/or having the home go into foreclosure. Aggressive loan modifications which benefit the servicers often hurt the investors by forcing markdowns on value of loans in their portfolio, hence, the conflict of interest.

Having experienced this conflict prior to the unveiling of Making Home Affordable, investor groups insisted that the net present value test be added to the plan to protect their interests. A net present value (NPV) calculation works this way:

1) Determine the proposed monthly mortgage payment for the life of the modified loan2) Calculate the total return in dollars over the life of the loan – monthly payment x 12 months x 30 years = total return3) Estimate the value of what the foreclosed home would sell for at auction4) The highest number between the total return and the estimated selling price at foreclosure determines what action will be taken. Motivated to keep properties generating monthly payments and out of foreclosure, servicers will negotiate the highest interest rate possible, within the constraints of the plan and what the homeowner can afford, to generate higher fees and to make sure that the net present value test comes out on the side of loan modification. With higher fees and the net present value test driving the negotiations in a loan modification, granting 2% interest rates becomes a very low priority and in some cases a deal killer for the servicers.  Congress, hearing the cries from their constituencies, has backed the efforts of the mortgage servicers by passing the “Safe Harbor Law” in May. The law protects servicers from lawsuits filed by investors claiming that the servicers are acting in their own best interests in loan modifications, at the expense of the aggrieved investors. It also gives servicers more autonomy in their structuring their home loan modifications.   The net present value test can present formidable challenges to the loan modification process due to many factors that are constantly changing. In New York City, for example, overall property values have remained relatively high but income levels have dropped. Limited by Making Home Affordable guidelines, mortgage payments cannot exceed 31% of the homeowner’s monthly income. The cap on payments can result in a net present value outcome that favors foreclosure on a property. Industry watchers have expressed concerns that the relative resilience in real estate values in the city could actually work against homeowners.

At the opposite end of the spectrum are cities such as Las Vegas and Detroit where property values have dropped as a much as 80%. These are areas where the net present value tests favor loan modifications but homeowners are walking away, forcing the properties back to the investors.

The next issue for investors wishing to foreclose is whether they can actually sell properties at auction. In California, approximately 17,000 out of 111,000 foreclosed properties went up for sale at the most recent auctions. Of the 17,000 properties, banks took back 85% of the properties when bids averaged only 59% of the outstanding loan balances. The lack of foreclosure sales across the country has led to a massive backlog of foreclosed properties that are either being kept off the market, put up repeatedly at auction, or for sale to private parties.

With unfavorable outcomes on either side of the net present value test, it’s apparent that investors are deciding not to decide on either action. The advantage of leaving properties in limbo is that they don’t have to be marked to market until action is taken, a necessary concession from Congress granted to investor groups in March. That way they can carry the properties in their portfolios at values that don’t trigger capital requirements. If it all sounds like a house of cards, well, at least it’s house.

The bankruptcy laws in earlier times used to affect the debtor harshly as the creditors used legal and physical methods to get back their credits. But as time changed, new bankruptcy laws evolved as well as older ones were amended to make the laws more permanent and beneficial for both the debtors and creditors.

If you are facing a financial crisis then you should get the help of a bankruptcy lawyer that can help you understand the complexities of chapter 7 and chapter 13 and other procedures related to it.

About Chapter 7 Bankruptcy: Chapter 7 bankruptcy: otherwise known as liquidation is most common and is proposed for the discharging of the unsecured debts such as medical bills, credit card debt, and unsecured personal loans. These types of bankruptcy can be completed within a period of months. It gives trustees, the ability to pay creditors by liquidating the non-exempt assets, although due to problem of absence of non-exempt assets among people who are filing the chapter 7 bankruptcy, the trustees are able to keep their property and can easily eliminate the debts which are unsecured.

Eligibility

The qualification for being eligible to file a chapter 7 bankruptcy is the debtor must be an individual, a corporation, a partnership or any other business entity. The first thing that will be done to check your eligibility is that your average income for 6 months earlier to the filling date and comparing it with the median earnings of the state in which you reside if your average income is below that median income then you are eligible to apply.

One another important eligibility criteria is to be able to discharge your non-exempt debts you should have unsecured debts such as consumer debts, medical bills, or payday loans.

There are certain conditions that make you ineligible and you should take care about these:

1. If you have enough disposable income to repay your debts , after cutting the allowed expenses and important debt payments for repaying small portion of the unsecured debts on a five-year repayment phase 2. If you have already attained a chapter 7 bankruptcy earlier within a time period of the last eight years prior to the time of filing.

Proceedings and working:The chapter 7 bankruptcy works on the concept that any of the secured assets a petitioner has will be handed over to an estate which is a legal that becomes the temporary owner of all secured assets and the creditor has no right to liquidate these assets until the case is over.

To find a Pre-Screened Lawyer in your area, please call our 24Hr Unbiased Lawyer Referral Hotline at 661-310-7999.

Over the years, I have represented countless numbers of Plaintiffs in Personal Injury cases in the St. Louis area. My experience with my clients and my handling of these cases has led me to a number of conclusions regarding the factors which are important in choosing a St. Louis Plaintiff’s Personal Injury attorney. For years I have had clients sitting in my office who have told me that they have been represented by other attorneys in the past. My question has always been “Why didn’t you go back to that attorney?” It has been my hope to learn from the mistakes of other lawyers and to get the perspective of clients who are dissatisfied with services that they have had in the past. In addition, I have tried to listen to clients who were very pleased with the services of my firm in order to determine what an attorney needs to do right. I have also had clients bring me files after firing attorneys and I have seen first-hand what can go wrong when poor service is provided.

First, I have found that the most common reason that clients fire attorneys, or don’t go back to them for future services, is that many of them don’t return phone calls. When I say “don’t return phone calls”, I literally mean that they don’t respond in any way when a client calls, writes a letter, or sends an email. Even if the attorney is in trial, or there are scheduling challenges, a client at least deserves to know that the attorney received the message and will be responding sometime soon. A failure to return phone calls can often indicate a lack of respect and, from the client’s perspective, it undermines confidence in the attorney’s ability accomplish a result for the client.

Secondly, some attorneys will handle any kind of case, regardless of their experience. I recently had a client who fired an attorney who was practicing in the Kansas City area. The client was in an accident in St. Louis City and this is generally a more favorable venue from the standpoint of being a Plaintiff. However, the attorney was unaware that St. Louis City and St. Louis County were separate entities. When he filed a lawsuit on behalf of the client, he described St. Louis City as being a municipality within the boundaries of St. Louis County. Not only did he file the case in the wrong venue and picked a venue which was unfavorable to his client, but he clearly did not have the familiarity of the local court systems. It is important to choose an attorney who is familiar with the court system and the jury verdicts in the various counties throughout the St. Louis Metropolitan area. Mistakes in understanding the various court systems and procedures for courts in the St. Louis Metropolitan area can result in a poor outcome in a Plaintiff’s Personal Injury case.

Third, it is important for the attorney to have experience in the type of matter which is being handled. For example, an attorney handling St. Louis Car Accident cases should spend a lot of his time practicing in this area. While practicing in other areas can complement the attorney’s services, a real estate attorney, for example, may not understand how an investigation should be conducted. This can result in a less than favorable result if witnesses are not contacted and later disappear, or opportunities to take pictures are squandered. In a car accident case, pictures of damaged vehicles could help resolve a dispute as to how a collision took place. In a case involving a fall, pictures of the bad steps, pothole, or heavily waxed floor could lay the groundwork for a successful result. If an inexperienced attorney doesn’t follow up on such items in a timely manner, then stairs may be repaired, potholes can be filled in, and floors may be replaced.

Fourth, some attorneys look for a quick settlement and will either abandon your case, or abandon interest in it, if it doesn’t come together quickly. In all fairness, there are cases that come in the door and look good at first glance, but sometimes, as the evidence is gathered, it becomes apparent that the case is not going to be successful. On the other hand, there are cases in which adjusters simply refuse to be reasonable and attorneys will often have reputations for abandoning cases easily. Such attorneys will often try to settle for a lowball offer in order to avoid the work which comes with taking the case to trial. It is important to get a sense as to whether the attorney will be willing to do battle on your behalf if the going gets tough.

My fifth point is a very basic one. It is important to choose an attorney who speaks with honesty and candor. You do not want to be misled and it is usually a matter of time before you get a sense that your attorney is being less than fully honest. Beyond honesty, your attorney should also speak to you with frankness and candor. As a client, you sometimes need to know the bad news as well as the good news. An experienced St. Louis Personal Injury attorney will tell you if there are circumstances in which cases like yours are hampered by certain factors. If there is light damage to the car, or a problem with your treating doctor’s credentials, then you need someone to pull you aside and tell you about things which may affect your case negatively. In front of certain juries, for example, they may be conservative and it would help to know if they are going to look negatively at long hair, tattoos, or other items. While it is uncomfortable for an attorney to talk about certain subjects, you are looking for frankness and candor. An attorney who politely points out certain prejudices of potential jurors is doing a great service to his client.

Finally, a lot of clients tell me that they didn’t re-hire their former attorney because they couldn’t relate to him. Some attorneys are pretentious and condescending. I have found that attorneys who are down to earth and secure in themselves can develop an excellent reputation with their clients. If you are in the process of looking for an attorney, I would suggest that you consider all of these factors in choosing the best person for you.

The contents of this article are intended for educational use only in order to provide readers general information and a basic understanding of the law. If you are seeking legal advice, please consult a licensed professional attorney in your state. The information in this article should not be substituted for experienced legal advice.